Malayalam Script Reference
Independent vowels, vowel signs (matras), consonants, numerals, and special characters — typeset with Noto Sans Malayalam for accurate shaping.
Independent Vowels സ്വതന്ത്ര സ്വരങ്ങൾ
Updated pronunciations; includes vowel-based endings അം and അഃ.
അ
(a)
as in “about”
ആ
(aa)
as in “father”
ഇ
(i)
as in “bit”
ഈ
(ee)
as in “meet”
ഉ
(u)
as in “put”
ഊ
(oo)
as in “boot”
ഋ
(ri)
similar to “ri” in “rich”
ൠ
(rr)
long vocalic r (rare)
ഌ
(l)
vocalic l (rare)
ൡ
(ll)
long vocalic l (rare)
എ
(e)
as in “get”
ഏ
(ae)
as in “ate”
ഒ
(o)
as in “pot”
ഓ
(oo)
as in “boat”
ഐ
(ai)
diphthong “ai”
ഔ
(au)
diphthong “au”
Vowel-based Endings
അം
(am)
nasal ending
അഃ
(ah)
aspirated ending
Dependent Vowels (Matras) സ്വരചിഹ്നങ്ങൾ
Attach to consonants. Shown with dotted circle (◌) and example on ക (ka).
◌ാ
(aa)
ക + ◌ാ → കാ
◌ി
(i)
ക + ◌ി → കി
◌ീ
(ee)
ക + ◌ീ → കീ
◌ു
(u)
ക + ◌ു → കു
◌ൂ
(oo)
ക + ◌ൂ → കൂ
◌ൃ
(ri)
ക + ◌ൃ → കൃ
◌ൄ
(rr)
ക + ◌ൄ → കൄ
◌ൢ
(l)
ക + ◌ൢ → കൢ
◌ൣ
(ll)
ക + ◌ൣ → കൣ
◌െ
(e)
ക + ◌െ → കെ
◌േ
(ae)
ക + ◌േ → കേ
◌ൈ
(ai)
ക + ◌ൈ → കൈ
◌ൊ
(o)
ക + ◌ൊ → കൊ
◌ോ
(oo)
ക + ◌ോ → കോ
◌ൌ
(au)
ക + ◌ൌ → കൗ
Malayalam Consonant Letters വ്യഞ്ജനം
The traditional set (about 42), including dotted and archaic forms.
ക
[ka]
ഖ
[kha]
ഗ
[ga]
ഘ
[gha]
ങ
[nga]
ച
[ca]
ഛ
[cha]
ജ
[ja]
ഝ
[jha]
ഞ
[nya]
ട
[ta]
ഠ
[ttha]
ഡ
[dda]
ഢ
[ddha]
ണ
[nna]
ത
[ta]
ഥ
[tha]
ദ
[da]
ധ
[dha]
ന
[na]
ഩ
[nnna]
പ
[pa]
ഫ
[pha]
ബ
[ba]
ഭ
[bha]
മ
[ma]
യ
[ya]
ര
[ra]
റ
[rra]
ല
[la]
ള
[lla]
ഴ
[llla]
വ
[va]
ശ
[sha]
ഷ
[ssa]
സ
[sa]
ഹ
[ha]
ഺ
[ttta]
Want grouped rows (velar, palatal, retroflex, dental, labial)? I can add those as separate blocks.
Malayalam Numerals അക്കങ്ങൾ
Native digits; today Hindu–Arabic/Latin digits are common, but these are still used contextually.
൦
[0]
൧
[1]
൨
[2]
൩
[3]
൪
[4]
൫
[5]
൬
[6]
൭
[7]
൮
[8]
൯
[9]
Malayalam Special Characters പ്രത്യേക ചിഹ്നങ്ങൾ
Common punctuation and script signs.
.
period
,
comma
।
danda
॥
double danda
ഽ
avagraha
൹
Malayalam rupee sign